Samuel Hammer

Cladonia incerta is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. He collected the type specimen near the Dome Forest walkway north of Warkworth. The species epithet incertain refers to the uncertain ontogeny (development) of the podetia, which take various forms. The primary thallus of Cladonia incerta is squamulose (scaly) and can be either persistent or evanescent. The squamules are elongated, somewhat incised, and can be sorediate or esorediate, and erect. The podetia

Cladonia fuscofunda is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. He collected the type specimen from the Awarua Wetland in Southland, where it was growing on soil under Leptospermum shrubs. The primary thallus of Cladonia fuscofunda is squamulose (scaly) and evanescent. The podetia are common, brown or glaucous, scyphose or subulate, rarely swollen, esorediate at the base, and either esorediate or sorediate at the tip with farinose (floury) soredia. The apothecia

Cladonia darwinii is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in Australia and New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. He collected the type specimen from the vicinity of the Mavora Lakes in Southland, at an elevation of 620 m (2,030 ft). The species epithet is named after Charles Darwin to honour his foundational work on evolutionary theory and the significance of variation in evolution, a concept that remains challenging in the study of Cladonia lichens. The primary thallus of Cladonia darwinii is squamulose,

Cladonia strangulata is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. The type specimen was collected from Hirakimata on the Great Barrier Island, at an elevation between 450 and 580 m, where it was found growing on the soil. The primary thallus of Cladonia strangulata is squamulose, (scaly) spatulate, and esorediate. The podetia are narrow, twisted, constricted, more or less cylindrical or flattened, corticate or sparsely sorediate, with perforated axils. They contain two

Cladonia pulchra is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. He collected the type specimen from Heaphy Track, about 15 km north of Karamea, where it was growing on rotting wood. The primary thallus of Cladonia pulchra is squamulose (scaly), persistent, lacinated, esorediate, and somewhat shiny. The podetia are tubular, subulate, esorediate, corticate, and covered with overlapping squamules, with some parts partially buried. They contain thamnolic acid, a secondary

Cladonia nitidella is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It is found in New Zealand, where it grows on bare soil and among mosses in often moist, partially sun-exposed habitats. It was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. He collected the type specimen from Rainbow Reach above Waiau River, about 10 km south of Te Anau, at an elevation of 200 m. The primary thallus of Cladonia nitidella is squamulose, evanescent, and crenate-lobed. The podetia are more or less cylindrical, rough, corticate or ecorticate, esorediate, squamulose,

Cladonia gallowayi is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. The species epithet honours David J. Galloway, who collected the type specimen from White Pine Swamp near Lake Rotoroa in Nelson, New Zealand in 1977. The primary thallus is squamulose (scaly) and can be either evanescent or persistent. The podetia are either corticate or naked, rarely branched, subulate, with perforated axils, and have a surface that is either blistered or abundantly squamulose. The

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Cladonia cyanopora is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. Found in Australia and New Zealand, it was formally described as a new species in 2003 by the lichenologist Samuel Hammer. He collected the type specimen from the Awarua Wetland, south of Invercargill, where it was growing under Leptospermum on stabilised sand. The primary thallus of Cladonia cyanopora is squamulose, persistent, and features sinuous, lacinated, elongated, and somewhat coralloid forms, with some parts partly buried. The podetia are more or less cylindrical or flattened, either terete or

Cladonia acervata is a species of cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It has been found in Australia and New Zealand.

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Squamella is a fungal genus in the family Cladoniaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Squamella spumosa, a squamulose lichen found in Australia. The genus was established in 2001 for a lichen collected in the McIlwraith Range of far-northern Queensland, distinguished by its flattened, leaf-like scales that develop foam-like masses of tiny lobules at their tips. It lacks the stalked structures typical of related genera and grows on bark in seasonal monsoon forests. Its precise evolutionary relationships remain uncertain due to the absence of DNA sequence data.

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Notocladonia is a genus of two Australasian species of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. The genus was established in 2003 by Samuel Hammer to accommodate Australasian species previously misplaced in the neotropical genus Ramalea. Notocladonia species are distinguished by their spore-bearing discs (apothecia) that form at the tips of scale-like lobes or short stalks, rather than beneath the thallus as in Ramalea. Both species occur in temperate regions of southeastern Australia and New Zealand, typically growing on thin soils in open habitats.

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