Flora of North-Central Pacific

Acacia koa, commonly known as koa, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, where it is the second most common tree. The highest populations are on Hawaiʻi, Maui and Oʻahu.

Metrosideros polymorpha, the ʻōhiʻa lehua, is a species of flowering evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that is endemic to the six largest islands of Hawaiʻi. It is a member of the diverse Metrosideros genus, which are widespread over the southwest Pacific. It is the state tree of Hawaiʻi. It is a highly variable tree, being 20–25 m (66–82 ft) tall in favorable situations, and a much smaller prostrate shrub when growing in boggy soils or directly on basalt. It produces a brilliant display of flowers, made up of a mass of stamens, which can range from fiery red to yellow. Many

Argyroxiphium is a small genus of plants in the family Asteraceae. Its members are known by the common names silversword or greensword due to their long, narrow leaves and the silvery hairs on some species. The silverswords belong to a larger radiation of over 50 species, including the physically different genera Dubautia and Wilkesia. This grouping is often referred to as the silversword alliance. Botanist P. H. Raven referred to this radiation as "the best example of adaptive radiation in plants".

Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) is a species of tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. It is the only species of Erythrina that naturally occurs there. It is typically found in Hawaiian tropical dry forests on leeward island slopes up to an elevation of 600 m (2,000 ft). Wiliwili means "repeatedly twisted" in the Hawaiian language and refers to the seedpods, which dehisce, or twist open, to reveal the seeds.

Brighamia insignis, commonly known as ʻŌlulu or Alula in Hawaiian, or colloquially as the vulcan palm or cabbage on a stick, is a species of Hawaiian lobelioid in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. It was native to the islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau, but has been extinct in the wild since at least 2020. This short-lived perennial species is a member of a unique endemic Hawaiian genus with only one other species.

Kokia cookei is a small, deciduous tree commonly known as the kokiʻo, Molokaʻi treecotton, Cooke's kokiʻo, or Molokaʻi kokiʻo. It is about 3 m (9.8 ft) in height, with simple leaves of 5 to 7 lobes, and large flowers. The fruit that the plant produces is composed of a five-lobed capsule that is dry and covered with short, dense hairs. The Kokia follows the typical flowering plant life cycle. It was distributed in the lowlands of the Hawaiian islands prior to going extinct in 1978. Conservation efforts, such as cultivation, are in place to attempt to nurse the species back to health. It is

Sophora chrysophylla, known as māmane in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is highly polymorphic, growing as a shrub or tree, and able to reach a height of 15 m (49 ft) in tree form. Yellow flowers are produced in winter and spring.

Sesbania tomentosa, commonly known as Oahu riverhemp and ʻōhai, is an endangered species of plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the main Hawaiian Islands as well as Nīhoa and Necker Island. It inhabits low shrublands and, rarely, dry forests, at elevations from sea level to 2,500 ft (760 m). Associated native plant species include ʻakiʻaki (Sporobolus virginicus), ʻilima (Sida fallax), naupaka kahakai (Scaevola taccada), and pili (Heteropogon contortus). Off-road vehicles, wildfires, grazing, and alien species competition have destroyed their habitat on the main islands, but

Kokia, with the common name treecotton, is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. All species within the genus are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands in the state of Hawaii.

Hillebrandia sandwicensis is a species of a herbaceous perennial flowering plant native to some of the Hawaiian Islands. Common names include ʻakaʻakaʻawa and pua maka nui. The genus name honors the German physician William Hillebrand.

Gardenia mannii, the nānū, Oahu gardenia or Mann's gardenia, is a species of flowering tree in the family Rubiaceae, that is endemic to the island of Oʻahu in Hawaiʻi. It inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 100–730 m (330–2,400 ft) in the Koʻolau and Waiʻanae Ranges. It is threatened by habitat loss. There are 18 populations remaining with a total of no more than 110 individuals.

Gardenia brighamii, commonly known as nānū, naʻu, or forest gardenia, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.

Diospyros sandwicensis is a species of flowering tree in the ebony family, Ebenaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It belongs to the same genus as both persimmons and ebony. Its common name, lama, also means enlightenment in Hawaiian. Lama is a small to medium-sized tree, with a height of 6–12 m (20–39 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.3 m (0.98 ft). It can be found in dry, coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 5–1,220 m (16–4,003 ft) on all major islands. Lama and olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis) are dominant species in lowland dry forests on the islands of Maui, Molokaʻi,

Wilkesia is a genus of Hawaiian plants in the tribe Madieae within the family Asteraceae. It contains two perennials, both of which are endemic to the island of Kauaʻi in Hawaiʻi. Wilkesia is a component of the silversword alliance and is named after Captain Charles Wilkes. Species Wilkesia gymnoxiphium A.Gray, 1852 Wilkesia hobdyi H.St.John, 1971 formerly included Wilkesia grayana - Argyroxiphium grayanum

Stenogyne is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family first described in 1830. The entire genus is endemic to Hawaii. Species Stenogyne strangulation A.Gray - narrow leaf Stenogyne Stenogyne bifida Hillebr. - two cleft Stenogyne - Molokai Stenogyne methodicalness A.Gray - bog Stenogyne - Big Island Stenogyne cosmically Sherff - Maui Stenogyne campanulata Weller & Sakai - Kala Valley Stenogyne - Kauai †Stenogyne incinerate Hillebr - Maui but extinct Stenogyne cranwelliae Sherff - Big Island †Stenogyne haliakalae Wawra - Maui but extinct Stenogyne kaalae Wawra - Oahu Stenogyne kamehamehae

Rubus hawaiensis, also called the ʻĀkala, is one of two species (with R. macraei) commonly known as Hawaiian raspberry, endemic to Hawaii. It is found on the islands of Kauaʻi, Molokaʻi, Maui, O'ahu, and Hawaiʻi in mesic to wet forest at elevations of 600–3,070 m (1,970–10,070 ft). In most areas it is not common, but in some places (such as the upper Koʻolau Gap in Haleakalā and Laupāhoehoe Natural Area Reserve) it can be a dominant member of the understory vegetation. Although similar to the other Hawaiian species, Rubus macraei, the two are believed to be derived from separate dispersals to

Lobelia monostachya, the one-stalked lobelia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae that is endemic to the island of Oʻahu in Hawaii. It inhabits cliffside mesic shrublands in the southern Koʻolau Mountains at an elevation of 44–614 m (144–2,014 ft). It was previously believed to be extinct. In 1994 it was rediscovered and only 8 individuals are currently known to exist. Associated native plants include Artemisia australis, Carex meyenii, Eragrostis spp., and Psilotum nudum. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Lipochaeta, common name nehe, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae that is endemic to Hawaii.

Hibiscadelphus is a genus of flowering plants that are endemic to Hawaiʻi. It is known by the Native Hawaiians as hau kuahiwi which means "mountain Hibiscus". The Latin name Hibiscadelphus means "brother of Hibiscus". It is distinctive for its peculiar flowers, which do not fully open. Hibiscadelphus is in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae. Several of the species in this small genus are presumed extinct, as a result of coextinction with their primary pollinators, the Hawaiian honeycreepers.

Hesperomannia (island-aster) is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Hesperomannia is endemic to Hawaii and consists of four species: Hesperomannia arborescens A.Gray – Lanai hesperomannia Hesperomannia arbuscula Hillebr. – Maui hesperomannia Hesperomannia lydgatei C.N.Forbes – Kauai hesperomannia Hesperomannia oahuensis (Hillebr.) O.Deg. Hesperomannia swezeyi O.Deg. Although traditionally classified in the tribe Mutisieae, molecular evidence shows that it belongs in the tribe Vernonieae, most closely related to the African Vernonia species.

Euphorbia haeleeleana, the Kauaʻi spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the croton family, Euphorbiaceae, that is endemic to the islands of Kauaʻi and Oaʻhu in Hawaii. Like other Hawaiian spurges it is known as ʻakoko. It inhabits dry, coastal mesic, and mixed mesic forests from 205–670 m (673–2,198 ft). Associated plants include ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), koa (Acacia koa), lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), kukui (Aleurites moluccanus), ʻaʻaliʻi (Dodonaea viscosa), wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis), hala pepe (Dracaena spp.), ʻohe kukuluāeʻo (Reynoldsia sandwicensis), and āulu

Eugenia koolauensis, commonly known as Koʻolau eugenia or nioi, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it could previously be found on the islands of Molokaʻi and Oʻahu; today populations only exist on the latter. This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. It is one of two Eugenia species native to Hawaii, and the only endemic. It is a shrub or tree grows 2 to 7 meters tall. The tips of the branches and the undersides of the leaves are hairy. White flowers occur in the leaf axils

Dubautia or na'ena'e is a genus of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The genus was named after Joseph Eugène DuBaut (1796–1832), an officer in the French Navy who participated in Freycinet's expedition. The entire genus is endemic to Hawaii. It contains more species than the other two genera in the silversword alliance, including cushion plants, shrubs, trees, and lianas.

Cyanea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae that are endemic to Hawaii. The name Cyanea in Hawaiian is hāhā.

Abutilon menziesii, known as Koʻoloaʻula in Hawaiian, is an endangered species of flowering shrub in the family Malvaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.

Zanthoxylum hawaiiense, commonly known aʻe or Hawaiʻi pricklyash, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It can be found at elevations of 550–1,740 m (1,800–5,710 ft) in dry forests, where it grows on lava flows, and mixed mesic forests on the Island of Hawaiʻi, Maui, Molokaʻi, and Lānaʻi. It is threatened by habitat loss. Zanthoxylum is from the Greek ξανθὸν ξύλον, meaning "yellow wood." This is the only genus in the citrus family (Rutaceae) with a pantropical distribution. Zanthoxylum also colonized several Pacific Islands and the Hawaiian clade

Xylosma crenata, the sawtooth logwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to the island of Kauaʻi in Hawaii. It is a tree, reaching a height of 46 ft (14 m). Sawtooth logwood inhabits montane mesic forests dominated by koa (Acacia koa) and ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) at an elevations of 975–1,065 m (3,199–3,494 ft). It is threatened by habitat loss.

Syzygium sandwicense is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. Common names include ʻŌhiʻa ha, Hā, and Pāʻihi. It is normally a large tree, reaching a height of 18 m (59 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.9 m (3.0 ft), but is a shrub on exposed ridges. ʻŌhiʻa ha inhabits coastal mesic forests, mixed mesic forests, wet forests, and bogs at elevations of 230–1,220 m (750–4,000 ft) on most main islands.

Solanum nelsonii (often misspelled Solanum nelsoni), common names pōpolo and Nelson's horsenettle, is a partially woody sprawling shrub-like perennial plant in the family Solanaceae, part of the Solanum or nightshade genus. This poisonous plant is endemic to the Pacific Islands. It grows low in coastal sites in coral rubble to pure sand. Solanum nelsonii was listed as an endangered species wherever found by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on September 30, 2016. Pōpolo is used in restoration projects around the state of Hawaii and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands. Nelson's horsenettle was

Schiedea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. It contains 35 species which are endemic to Hawaii. The 35th species was spotted in 2016 by Tom DeMent while surveying a forest near Laupāhoehoe on Hawai‘i Island. It was named S. haakoaensis in 2022.