Flora of France

Rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. napus), also known as rape and oilseed rape and canola, is a yellow-flowered member of the Brassicaceae family. The plant is cultivated primarily for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains mildly toxic erucic acid. The term canola refers to a group of rapeseed cultivars with very low levels of erucic acid that are prized as food for humans and animals. The plant is the third-largest source of vegetable oil and the second-largest source of protein meal in the world.

Geranium endressii, commonly called Endres cranesbill or French crane's-bill, is a species of hardy flowering herbaceous or semi-evergreen perennial plant in the genus Geranium, family Geraniaceae. It is native to the Western Pyrenees in Spain, and is cultivated as a garden subject. Growing to 75 cm (30 in) tall and broad, it has a mounding to sprawling habit, therefore is useful as groundcover in light shade. The leaves are deeply divided and the flowers are soft pink with red veins. It is very hardy, down to at least −20 °C (−4 °F) and possibly less. The cultivar ‘Castle Drogo’ has gained

Viola hispida is a plant species in the genus Viola. It is endemic in France, and more specifically in the Seine valley. It is known as the Violette de Cry ('violet of Cry', pronounced [kʁi], CREE) or Pensée de Cry ('pansy of Cry').

Pulmonaria saccharata, the Bethlehem lungwort or Bethlehem sage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to France and Italy. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial which is closely related to the common lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis). Growing to 10 cm (4 in) tall by 60 cm (24 in) wide, it has lance-shaped leaves with white confluent spots, and pink or white flowers in spring. The specific epithet saccharata means sugared, and refers to the spotted surface of the leaves.

Acis fabrei is a bulbous flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to France. It has white flowers that appear in late spring after the leaves. Although first collected in 1882, it was not scientifically described until 1990. It is now known from only four populations in the Vaucluse department in south-east France, around Mont Ventoux and the River Nesque. It is considered to be a "threatened species".

Narcissus × medioluteus (syn. Narcissus biflorus), common names primrose-peerless, April beauty, cemetery ladies, loving couples, pale narcissus, twin sisters, two-flowered narcissus, is a flowering plant, which is a naturally occurring hybrid between Narcissus poeticus and Narcissus tazetta (informally called "poetaz hybrid"). It was found initially in the West of France. This first poetaz narcissus has long been grown as a garden ornamental and has also become naturalised in Great Britain, Ireland, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, the former Yugoslavia, Madeira, New Zealand, and in scattered

Erodium manescavi (or Erodium manescavii), called the garden stork's-bill, large purple storksbill, Manescau storksbill, Manescau heronsbill and showy heron's bill, is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae. Endemic to the western Pyrenees mountains, this plant occurs in France and Spain.

Acis nicaeensis, commonly called the winter snowflake, Mentone snowflake and French snowflake, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to south-eastern France. A small spring flowering bulb with white flowers, it is cultivated as an ornamental plant.

Festuca arvernensis (also known as field fescue) is a species of perennial plant from family Poaceae. It is native to France. It can also be found in such US states as California and New Mexico. It was first described in 1977.

Dianthus graniticus is a species of pink in the carnation family. It's a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae natively occurring in central France.

Potentilla delphinensis is a herbaceous perennial species of cinquefoil belonging to the family Rosaceae. It is endemic to France, where it is limited to the southern French Alps (Savoie et Dauphiné: Bauges; Isère; Hautes-Alpes, Col du Lautaret).

Festuca armoricana, the Breton fescue, is a species of grass endemic to Europe. It was first described in 1975 by Kerguélen.

Euphorbia × martini, or Martin's spurge, is a hybrid between two species of flowering plant, E. amygdaloides × E. characias subsp. characias in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It was found growing wild in southern France. Growing to 60 cm (24 in) tall and broad, it is a dwarf evergreen subshrub with narrow grey-green leaves and in late spring and early summer, sprays of lime green flowers, often with a red or maroon eye. It is useful as a spreading, weed-smothering groundcover. Though hardy down to −15 °C (5 °F), it is a Mediterranean plant best grown in a sheltered spot in well-drained soil

Arabidopsis cebennensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is endemic to France, found in the southern mountains. Stem smooth and erect, with soft hairs.

Typha × provincialis is a plant of hybrid origin, endemic to southern France. Type collection was obtained from near St. Tropez in Provence. It apparently originated as a cross between the two very widespread species T. domingensis and T. latifolia. Typha × provincialis grows in freshwater marshes.

Androsace saussurei is a plant species in the family Primulaceae.

Androsace delphinensis is a plant species in the family Primulaceae.

Lotus × medioximus is a hybrid plant in the Lotus genus native to Europe.

Antirrhinum majus, the common snapdragon (often – especially in horticulture – simply "snapdragon"), is a species of flowering plant belonging to the genus Antirrhinum. The plant was placed in the family Plantaginaceae following a revision of its prior classical family, Scrophulariaceae. The common name "snapdragon", originates from the flowers' reaction to having their throats squeezed, which causes the "mouth" of the flower to snap open like a dragon's mouth. It is widely used as an ornamental plant in borders and as a cut flower. It is perennial but usually cultivated as an annual plant.

Campanula medium, common name Canterbury bells, is an annual or biennial flowering plant of the genus Campanula, belonging to the family Campanulaceae. In floriography, it represents gratitude, or faith and constancy. It is the national flower of Monaco

Viola cornuta, known as horned pansy or horned violet, is a species of flowering plant in the violet family Violaceae, native to the Pyrenees and the Cordillera Cantábrica of northern Spain at an altitude of 1,000–2,300 metres (3,300–7,500 ft). It is a low-growing, clump-forming temperate evergreen perennial, reaching 50 cm (20 in) in height and spread. It has mid-green ovate leaves with rounded teeth, and masses of delicate pale violet flowers in early summer. The flower consists of five strap-shaped petals with a slender spur. This plant, and the white-flowered Alba Group, have gained the

Lilium pyrenaicum (Pyrenean lily, yellow Turk's-cap lily, yellow martagon lily) is native to montane regions, mainly the Pyrenees, from Spain and eastwards, with the range extending into the Caucasus. It grows up to 1.3 m high. It bears up to 12 Turks-cap shaped flowers. These are yellow, orange or red, and has an unusual musky scent, which some people find unpleasant.

Iris latifolia, the English iris, also known as I. xiphiodes and I. anglica, is a hardy flowering bulbous species of the Iris genus, in the family Iridaceae. It is native to the Pyrenees of Southwestern France and Northwestern Spain. It is widely cultivated in temperate regions for its purple flowers which appear in early Summer. Iris latifolia grows to a height of 50 cm (20 in). The plant produces two or three deep purple flowers with yellow marks in the center of the lower petals. Flowers have six tepals and are 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in) in diameter. Leaves are stiff and sword-shaped,

Saxifraga umbrosa, called true London pride, none-so-pretty, king's feather, kiss-me-quick, leaf of St Patrick, look-up-and-kiss-me, mignonette of the French, Nancy-pretty, prattling Parnell, Pyrenean saxifrage, sailor plant, St Anne's needlework, St Patrick's cabbage, and whimsey, although some of these names may more properly belong to Saxifraga spathularis, or its hybrid with S. spathularis, Saxifraga × urbium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to the Pyrenees, and has been introduced elsewhere in Europe, and to southern Chile. Its cultivar 'Clarence

Geranium cinereum, the ashy cranesbill, is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to the Pyrenees. Growing to 50 cm (20 in) tall and wide, it is a small, deciduous or semi-evergreen perennial usually grown for low ground cover, rockeries or underplanting larger subjects like roses. Leaves are deeply divided and grey-green – whence the Latin specific epithet cinereum "ash-grey". It flowers in summer, with striking black-eyed flowers with black stamens. The plant grows in full sunlight, and is hardy down to −15 °C (5 °F). In cultivation in the UK the following cultivars

Asarina is a flowering plant genus of only one species, Asarina procumbens Mill. the trailing snapdragon, which is native to France and Spain and introduced in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary. Originally placed in the Scrophulariaceae (figwort family), the genus has more recently been moved to the Plantaginaceae (plantain family). Species from North America formerly placed in the genus Asarina are now placed in Holmgrenanthe, Lophospermum, Mabrya and Maurandya, as well as Neogaerrhinum. Asarina is now regarded as exclusively an Old World genus.

Aquilegia pyrenaica, common name Pyrenean columbine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. It is endemic to the Pyrenees where it grows on grassland and in rocky places. It was first described in 1805 by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle who gave it the name Aquilegia pyrenaica.

Ramonda myconi, the Pyrenean-violet or rosette mullein, syn. R. pyrenaica, is a species of flowering plant in the family Gesneriaceae, which is a relictual endemite of shady, rocky places in the Pyrenees and north eastern Spain. It is a rosette-forming evergreen perennial growing to 10 cm (4 in) high by 20 cm (8 in) broad, with oval, crinkled leaves. Five-petalled purple flowers with prominent yellow anthers appear on leafless stems in spring. The plant is cultivated, for instance in vertical crevices where its roots are not subject to winter wetness. It has gained the Royal Horticultural

Campanula alpestris, the alpine bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is native to the southwestern European Alps. The generic name (Campanula) comes from the shape of a bell flower; in particular, the word comes from Latin and means: small bell. From the records it shows that the first to use the botanical name of "Bellflower" was the Belgian naturalist Rembert Dodoens, who lived between 1517 and 1585. This name was still in use for some time, although modified, in many European languages. In fact, in these plants they were archaic French "Campanelles"

Allium narcissiflorum is a European species of wild onion native to northwestern Italy (Piemonte and Liguria), southwest France (Provence and Dauphiné). It is grown in other regions as an ornamental because of its pretty flowers. Allium narcissiflorum is a small and delicate plant very similar to A. insubricum but found at higher elevation in the mountains. In A. insubricum, the umbel is nodding (hanging downward) at flowering time and remaining nodding when the seeds are mature. In A. narcissiflorum, however, the umbel is nodding at flowering time but erect at maturity. Allium narcissiflorum