Flora of Iceland

Alchemilla faeroensis, also known as Faroese lady's-mantle, is a species of arctic-montane herbaceous perennial plant native to the Faroe Islands and eastern Iceland. It is part of the lady's-mantle genus in the rose family. It has been described as "one of the outstanding endemics in northwestern Europe".

Cakile arctica, commonly known as sea rocket and Fjörukál, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway (where it is extinct in Svalbard), and North European Russia (as defined in the WGSRPD). It is an annual species, i.e. it germinates, grows, flowers, produces seeds, and dies within one year. Cakile arctica is a pioneer species in primary succession: it was the first vascular plant to colonise Surtsey, a volcanic island 32 km (20 mi) south of Iceland that was formed by eruptions between 1963 and 1967, where it was first observed

Platanthera hyperborea, the northern green orchid, is small orchid found only in Greenland, Iceland, and Akimiski Island in Canada. Numerous authors cite the species as widespread in other parts of Canada and also in the United States; such populations are more correctly referred to as Platanthera aquilonis.

Cerastium nigrescens var. nigrescens, commonly known as the Shetland mouse-ear, Shetland mouse-eared chickweed or Edmondston's chickweed, is an endemic variety of Arctic Chickweed, Cerastium nigrescens, found in Shetland, Scotland.[1] It was first recorded in 1837 by botanist Thomas Edmondston, who was 12 at the time. Although reported from two other sites in the 19th century, it currently grows only on two serpentine hills on the island of Unst (see Keen of Hamar). The numbers of Cerastium nigrescens var. nigrescens can vary dramatically from year to year, for reasons that are unclear

Saxifraga hypnoides, called mossy saxifrage, cut-leaved saxifrage, Dovedale moss, Eve's cushion, Indian moss, lady's cushion, and queen's cushion, is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to northwestern Europe; Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway, Ireland, Great Britain, Belgium, and France, and has been introduced to Czechia, the Eastern Himalayas, and Tibet. In the north of its range a tetraploid form predominates, and in the south a diploid form is more likely to be found. For forms in gardens (red, pinkish or white flowered) see Saxifraga × arendsii.

Arenaria norvegica, also known as Arctic, English or Norwegian sandwort, is a low growing plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, found in northwest Europe. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=80. There are two recognised subspecies.

Gentianella aurea is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Gentianaceae. Its native range is Greenland, Northern and Northeastern Europe, Mongolia. Synonym: Gentiana aurea

Saxifraga rosacea, Irish saxifrage, or rosy saxifrage, is a herbaceous plant in the family Saxifragaceae. The epithet rosacea does not refer to its flowers which are white, but to its radical sterile shoots which are often rosy. Owing to this misleading epithet, the rosy-flowered Saxifraga × arendsii is sometimes misidentified as Saxifraga rosacea. It spreads by stolons, forming a compact cushion of short leafy sterile shoots. Flowering stems may be up to 25 cm tall, bearing 4 to 5 white flowers with petals 6-10mm long. It is found in Northwestern and Central Europe. It was believed to have

Saxifraga cotyledon, the pyramidal saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant that occurs in the mountains of Europe. It has rosettes about 20 centimetres (8 in) across of tongue-shaped leaves, beaded but not toothed. In May or June the tall panicles of white flowers, branched and pyramidal in outline, may reach 60 cm (24 in). It is one of Norway's two national flowers (chosen in 1935), the other national flower being Calluna. Its relationship to the "silver saxifrages" (Saxifraga sect. Ligulatae) remains to be resolved to full satisfaction.

Hymenophyllum wilsonii, the Wilson's filmy-fern, is a small, fragile, perennial leptosporangiate fern which forms large dense colonies from creeping rhizomes.

Carex rufina is a species of sedge known by the common name snowbed sedge. It is native to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greenland, and northeastern Canada. This species is a perennial herb growing up to 15 centimetres (6 in) tall. It has sheathed, grasslike leaves no more than 2 millimetres (0.08 in) wide. The lower spikes are female, while the terminal spike is gynecandrous. This inflorescence is often hidden in the leaves, which form a dense tussock. The species often reproduces clonally. This sedge grows in alpine snowbed habitat. This ecosystem is sensitive to climate change, which causes a

Festuca hyperborea also known as the boreal fescue, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. This species is native to Greenland, Kamchatka, Krasnoyarsk, Labrador, Magadan, North European Russia, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Québec, Svalbard, Yakutskiya, and Yukon. It is perennial and mainly grows in subalpine or subarctic biomes. Festuca hyperborea was first described in 1957.

Carex adelostoma (common name circumpolar sedge) is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to the subarctic areas, including Scandinavia, Russia, Canada, and Alaska.

Polygonum boreale is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Polygonaceae. Its native range is Canada to Subarctic Eurasia.

Pedicularis flammea is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. Its native range is Subarctic America to Eastern Canada, Northern Europe.

Ophioglossum azoricum, the small adder's-tongue fern or lesser adder's-tongue fern, is a small fern of the family Ophioglossaceae.

Pyrola grandiflora (, commonly known as Arctic wintergreen or largeflowered wintergreen, is a hardy perennial evergreen subshrub in the family Ericaceae. It is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere from temperate to tundra-like climates.

Equisetum × trachyodon is a nothospecies of Equisetum found in northwestern and central Europe. Sometimes, it is considered as an individual species: Equisetum trachyodon. The hybrid formula is Equisetum hyemale L. × Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr.

Sesleria albicans is a species of perennial grass in the family Poaceae which can be found throughout Europe.

Galium pumilum, the slender bedstraw or small bedstraw, is a plant species of the genus Galium.

Silene uniflora is a species of flowering plant in the carnation family known by the common name sea campion.

Festuca vivipara, the viviparous sheep's-fescue, is a species of grass native to northern Europe, northern Asia, and subarctic North America. The specific epithet vivipara is Latin, referring to the florets' alteration to leafy tufts. The plant can have a diploid number of 28, 49, 56, or 63, though numbers of 21, 35, and 42 have also been reported.

Draba norvegica is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) know by the common names Norwegian draba and Norwegian whitlow grass.

Primula egaliksensis, the Greenland primrose, also called Primula groenlandica, is a flower from the genus Primula. It was first documented by Morten Wormskjold and Jens Wilken Hornemann in 1813 while Wormskjold was on an expedition to Greenland. The flower is primarily found in Greenland and the northern part of North America. The Greenland primrose was also discovered in Iceland in 1911.

Carex lyngbyei is a species of sedge known by the common name Lyngbye's sedge. It is native to the west coast of North America from Alaska to California, where it "is the common sedge of the Pacific coastal salt marshes." It is also known from Greenland and Iceland. It prefers to grow in silty sediment rather than sand and in habitat with brackish water, such as salt marshes. This sedge produces stems 25 centimeters to well over one meter tall from a network of long rhizomes. The leaves have reddish brown sheaths which do not have spots. The inflorescence produces stiff, nodding spikes on

Primula stricta, also known as the strict primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae.

Euphrasia vernalis is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Orobanchaceae.

Hieracium alpinum, the alpine hawkweed, is a Eurasian plant species in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe, and has also been found in Greenland. Hieracium alpinum is an herb up to 25 cm (9.8 in) tall, with leaves mostly in a rosette at the bottom. Leaves are lance-shaped, up to 8 cm (3.1 in) long. One stalk will usually produce only one flower head, though occasionally 2 or 3. Each head has 80-120 yellow ray flowers but no disc flowers.

Carex krauseorum, commonly known as Krause's sedge, is a tussock-forming species of perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae. It is native to subarctic areas of Greenland, Alaska, northern Canada and Russia.

Equisetum × moorei is a naturally occurring nothospecies of Equisetum native to Europe and Asia. The hybrid formula is Equisetum hyemale × Equisetum ramosissimum.