Flora of South European Russia

Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, cabbage, and radish). It is a root vegetable, cultivated and used worldwide as a spice and as a condiment. The species is likely native to Southeastern Europe and Western Asia.

Allium pervestitum is a species of wild garlic in the family Amaryllidaceae, mainly found growing in the coastal area of the Sea of Azov. It is a halophyte.

Rosa donetzica is a species of rose in the family Rosaceae, native to Ukraine and south European Russia, generally near the eastern Black Sea. It is a rare endemic typically found growing in rocky areas, and is decreasing in abundance due to pressure from grazing and stone quarrying.

Jurinea cretacea is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Ukraine and south European Russia. It is confined to chalk outcrops.

Typha × smirnovii is a plant of hybrid origin, endemic to southern Russia. Initial collections were made in 1998 in the vicinity of Volgograd. The plant apparently originated as a cross between the two very widespread species T. latifolia and T. laxmannii. Typha × smirnovii grows in freshwater marshes.

Thymus dubjanskyi is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to central and southern European Russia. It is a specialist on chalky soils.

Sisymbrium volgense is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Its native range is Southwestern European Russia to Caucasus. Synonym: Sisymbrium wolgense M. Bieb. ex Fourn. (orthographical variant)

Mentha micrantha, is a plant species in the genus Mentha, native to western Kazakhstan and southeastern Russia. The species was described in 1890 by botanist George Bentham. Its epithet, micrantha, means "with small flowers." It is unique among its genus as the only species that is an annual plant.

Colchicum laetum is a species of Colchicum found in south east Russia through to the Caucasus. A plant known in cultivation as C. laetum 'Pink Star' is thought to be a selection of Colchicum × byzantinum. It has flowers which are pale purple-pink with rounded ends; the petals of each bloom are often held parallel to the soil surface.

Festuca cretacea is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. This species is native to Central European Russia, South European Russia, and Ukraine. Festuca cretacea prefers temperate biomes and is perennial. This species was first described in 1927.

Daphne sophia, also known as Sophia's daphne or Altai daphne, is a shrub of the family Thymelaeaceae. It is a relict endemic species with a fragmented range, found only in the Belgorod region of Russia and the Kharkiv region of Ukraine within the Central Russian Upland.

Typha tichomirovii is a plant species native to the Astrakhan Oblast in the southern part of European Russia. The species grows in freshwater marshes and along the banks of streams and lakes. The delta of the Volga River lies within Astrakhan.

Typha × gezei is a plant of hybrid origin, endemic to France. It apparently originated as a cross between the two very widespread species T. domingensis and T. angustifolia. Typha × gezei grows in freshwater marshes.

Vincetoxicum rossicum is a flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is a perennial herb native to southern Europe and is a highly invasive plant growing in all of the Eastern United States, in the mid west, and southern Ontario and Quebec in Canada. It has several common names including swallowwort, pale swallowwort, and dog-strangling vine; though it does not actually strangle dogs, it can “strangle” native plants and small trees if it is in dense patches. There has historically been much confusion about the genus it belongs to, with authors placing it within Vincetoxicum and others

Dianthus bicolor, the bicolour pink, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Ukraine, south European Russia, the northern Caucasus, and Kazakhstan. It is found growing in a wide variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, cliffs, and mountain peaks.

Fagus hohenackeriana, the Caucasian beech, is a deciduous tree in the family Fagaceae. It is native to the Caucasus region on the borders of the extreme southeast of Europe and western Asia, from northeastern Turkey east to Azerbaijan and north to southernmost European Russia. Although first noted as distinct and described in 1908 by the Russian botanist Ivan Palibin, it was until recently universally regarded as a synonym of Fagus orientalis (Oriental beech), until a major genetic study discovered it was distinct. Its treatment as a distinct species has been accepted by the Plants of the

Symphytum caucasicum, the beinwell, blue comfrey, or Caucasian comfrey, is an ornamental plant of genus Symphytum in the family Boraginaceae, which is native to the Caucasus.

Salix caspica is a plant from the willow genus (Salix) within the willow family (Salicaceae). The natural range extends from eastern European Russia to far western China.

Crocus reticulatus is a species of flowering plant in family Iridaceae. It is a cormous perennial native to central and southern European Russia, the northern Caucasus, the Transcaucasus, and Ukraine. Crocus reticulatus is found growing in woods and meadows at elevations up to 2,000 meters, and flowering occurs February though April.

Allium delicatulum is a Eurasian species of onion native to European Russia, Western Siberia, Xinjiang, and Kazakhstan. It grows in open grasslands and deserts. Allium delicatulum produces round to egg-shaped bulbs up to 15 mm across. Scapes are up to 25 cm tall, round in cross-section. Leaves are round and hollow, shorter than the scapes. Flowers have white or pink tepals with dark red midveins.

Dianthus rigidus is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Crimea, east and south European Russia, Kazakhstan, and Western Siberia. It was first described by F. A. Marschall von Bieberstein in 1808.

Matthiola fragrans is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, native to Ukraine, south, east and central European Russia, and Kazakhstan. It is confined to chalk outcrops.

Silene media is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Ukraine, parts of Russia, and Kazakhstan. It prefers to grow in un-flooded sandy soils.

Atriplex hortensis, known as garden orache, red orache or simply orache (; also spelled orach), mountain spinach, French spinach, or arrach, is a species of plant in the amaranth family used as a leaf vegetable that was common before spinach; it is still grown as a warm-weather alternative to spinach. For many years, it was classified in the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae), but it has now been absorbed into the Amaranthaceae. It is Eurasian, native to Asia and Europe, and widely naturalized in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.

Phalacrachena is a genus of Eurasian flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. Species Phalacrachena calva (Ledeb.) Iljin - Altay, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia Phalacrachena inuloides (Fisch.) Iljin - European Russia, Baltic States, Ukraine, Caucasus

Allium inaequale is a species of wild onion in the family Amaryllidaceae, native to Ukraine, Crimea, central and southern European Russia, the northern Caucasus, and Kazakhstan. There it is often found growing on kurgans (burial mounds).

Alcea rugosa, the Russian hollyhock, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to Ukraine, Crimea, south European Russia, and the Caucasus, and has been introduced as a garden escapee into Wisconsin and Maryland in the United States. It is resistant to Puccinia malvacearum rust, and hardy to USDA zone 4.

Nigella segetalis is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. It is native to the Black Sea region as far as northwestern Iran. An annual, it is typically found in the temperate zone. An analysis of seed coat morphology places it as a sister taxon to Nigella gallica, found in southwestern Europe, with both distinct from other members of the genus.

Leymus akmolinensis is a species of grass endemic to Russia and Kazakhstan.

Chondrilla ambigua is a species of perennial plant endemic to Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, China, and Uzbekistan. It thrives in sand dunes and gravel. Chondrilla ambigua typically grows to a height of 40–100 cm. The species has a broomlike appearance with narrowly linear leaves and is sometimes woody.