Plants named in 2018

Philodendron bipinnatifidum, synonyms including Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum and Philodendron selloanum, (common names: split-leaf philodendron, lacy tree philodendron, selloum, horsehead philodendron, guaimbé) is a plant in the genus Philodendron, in the family Araceae. The species is native to South America, namely to Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay, but is also cultivated as a landscape plant in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate climates. The common name "split-leaf philodendron" is also used for Monstera deliciosa.

Eriocapitella hupehensis, a species of flowering plant in the Ranunculaceae family of plants and has an extensive native distribution across a large area of Asia. The plant was previously known as Anemone hupehensis and is often still referred to as such. Together with several closely related species and hybrids between these species, in horticulture these plants are often referred to as Japanese anemones. The specific epithet hupehensis, which means "from Hupeh" (i.e. Hubei), refers to a province in China where the species is known to occur. In Chinese, it is called dǎpòwǎnhuāhuā (打破碗花花),

Pleurolobus gangeticus, commonly known by the name salparni, is a plant found throughout most parts of India and the Himalayas.

Grona triflora, known as creeping tick trefoil or three-flower beggarweed, is a plant in the family Fabaceae. It is native to tropical regions around the globe and introduced to subtropical regions including the southern United States.

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Zanthoxylum asiaticum is a species of plant in the family Rutaceae. Under its synonym Toddalia asiatica, it was the only species in the monotypic genus Toddalia, now included in Zanthoxylum. It is known by the English name orange climber.

Lanxangia tsao-ko, formerly Amomum tsao-ko, and also known as red cardamom or Chinese black cardamom, is a ginger-like plant known in English by the transliterated Chinese name (Chinese: 草果; pinyin: cǎoguǒ; Jyutping: cou2 gwo2; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-kó). It grows at high altitudes in Yunnan, as well as the northern highlands of Vietnam. Both wild and cultivated plants are used medicinally and also in cooking. The dried fruit of the plant has a pungent, gingery taste.

Pseudodictamnus hirsutus is a species of plant in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to the western Mediterranean region, mostly abundant in Spain and Portugal. It is also native to North Africa.

Homalocephala polycephala, synonym Echinocactus polycephalus, is a cactus that is native to the United States and Mexico.

Anemonastrum baicalense is a species of flowering plant in the genus Anemonastrum. It is native to forests, scrub, and grassy places at 500–3100 m. altitude in Siberia, Mongolia, northern China, and North Korea in Northeast Asia.

Philodendron xanadu, synonym Thaumatophyllum xanadu, is a perennial plant belonging to the arum family Araceae. It is native to south Brazil and Paraguay, but is widely cultivated as a landscape plant in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates.

Rhyncholacis clavigera is a species of aquatic plant in the family Podostemaceae. It is found in the Caño Cristales river in Colombia.

Mangifera paludosa is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in Indonesia, possibly Malaysia, and Singapore.

Homalocephala parryi, synonym Echinocactus parryi, also known as the horse crippler or devil's pincushion, is a cactus in the subfamily Cactoideae. It is endemic to Mexico ( northern Chihuahua). H. parryi is thought to be quite similar to H. polycephala, but they differ in their branching habits, average number of ribs per stem, flower color and more.

Anemonastrum deltoideum, also known by the common names Columbian windflower and western white anemone, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. It is native to the forests of the west coast of the United States. This is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing between 10 and 30 centimeters tall. There is usually a single basal leaf which is divided into three large toothed leaflets, each up to 6 centimeters long. There may be more leaves along the mostly naked stem which are similar in appearance to the leaflets on the basal leaf. The inflorescence has three

Tulista minor is a species of succulent plant, from the far south of the Western Cape, South Africa. It was formerly classed in the genus Haworthia, as Haworthia minima. However this was not the correct name, as the name Haworthia minor in fact had priority. A new combination was therefore needed for Tulista minor, which was accordingly published in 2018.

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Grona heterocarpos is a species of shrub, also called Asian ticktrefoil, in the flowering plant family Fabaceae and genus Grona. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions across Asia and the West Pacific, as well as Tanzania. The plant is known for its aggressive, creeping growth and can reach heights of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. It produces pink to purplish-red pea-like flowers and is used in traditional medicine.

Thismia kobensis is a species of flowering plant from the Thismia genus in the myco-heterotrophic family Burmanniaceae. The type and originally only specimen was discovered in Kobe, Japan, in 1992, and preserved without identification, although it was originally assigned to the genus Oxygyne. No new specimens were found in follow-up surveys between 1993 and 1999, and the plant's original habitat was destroyed by land development in 1999. T. kobensis was declared extinct in 2010 due to habitat loss and deforestation. It was described as a species of Thismia in 2018. In 2021 the plant was

Tateishia concinna is an ornamental plant in the family Fabaceae. Formerly considered part of the genus Desmodium, recent work (2018) places it into a new genus, Tateishia, along with one other species, Tateishia retusa.

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Aquarius is a genus of flowering plants in the family Alismataceae. It includes 26 species native to the Americas, ranging from the central and southeastern United States through Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and tropical and subtropical South America to northern Argentina and southern Chile.

Afropectinariella pungens is a species of Afropectinariella that can be found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Nigeria. It is found in dense lowland forests, downstream from waterfalls, and on periodically flooded marshes with Oxystigma mannii, between elevations of 50–1,800 m (160–5,910 ft). It also occurs on Terminalia catappa. It is threatened by habitat loss from agriculture and logging.

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Pinguicula laueana is a perennial rosette-forming insectivorous plant native to the state of Oaxaca in Mexico. It is one of only two species of butterwort known to have a red flower, the other being P. caryophyllacea. As Pinguicula lauana it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Petroana is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae Juss., established by Madhani & Zarre in 2018 based on molecular and morphological evidence that distinguished its species from those in the closely related genera Gypsophila L. and Dianthus L.. This genus includes perennial herbs characterized by their adaptation to rocky habitats, with two species currently recognized: the type species Petroana montserratii (Fern.Casas) Madhani & Zarre and Petroana montana (Balf.f.) Madhani & Zarre.

Oxytes brachpoda (common name - large tick-trefoil) is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. Its native range is Papua New Guinea to northern and eastern Australia and New Caledonia. (In Australia, it is found in the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria.) It was first described in 1854 by Asa Gray as Desmodium brachypodum, from specimens found in Sydney and the Hunter River, but in 2018, it was transferred to the genus, Oxytes It flowers from spring to autumn (in New South Wales) and is common in sclerophyll forests. In the Northern Territory,