Flora of Eritrea

Aloe schoelleri is a species of Aloe native to Eritrea, on the cliffs above Amba Souara Gorge.

Aloe montis-nabro is a species of Aloe native to the slopes of Mt. Nabro in Eritrea described in 2014 in the CactusWorld journal by Orlando and El Azzouni.

Solanum aethiopicum, the bitter tomato, Ethiopian eggplant, or nakati, is a fruiting plant of the genus Solanum mainly found in Asia and Tropical Africa. It is also known as Ethiopian nightshade, garden eggs, pumpkin-on-a-stick, and mock tomato. It is a popular vegetable in north-east India, and is known as khamen akhaba in Manipuri and samṭawk in Mizo. They are called Titay bii or simply bii in Darjeeling, Sikkim and Nepal, and are relished with meat, particularly pork. These names are a result of its varied morphology, with ripe fruit often looking like a cross between an eggplant and a

Guizotia abyssinica is an erect, stout, branched annual herb, grown for its edible oil and seed. Its cultivation originated in the Eritrean and Ethiopian Highlands, and has spread to other parts of Ethiopia. Common names include noog/nug (Ethio-Semitic and Eritrean ኑግ nūg or ኒህዩግ nihyug); ramtil or ramtilla; niger or nyger seed (all pronounced , NY-jər); inga seed; and blackseed. Noug has been described as semi-domesticated, self-incompatible crop with yellow flowering heads and seeds. Recent studies have revealed the regional genetic diversity of some noug populations grown in Ethiopia based

Aloe djiboutiensis is a species of aloe native to Djibouti and Eritrea. It was first described in 2007 in the CSSA Journal by T. A. McCoy.

Nephrophyllum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. The only species is Nephrophyllum abyssinicum. Its native range is Northeastern Tropical Africa.

Hypagophytum is a genus of plants in the family Crassulaceae. It includes only the species Hypagophytum abyssinicum, endemic to Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Cyperus schweinfurthii is a species of sedge that is native to parts of Africa.

Cyperus poecilus is a species of sedge that is native to the Horn of Africa. The species was first formally described by the botanist Charles Baron Clarke in 1901.

Cyperus microbolbos is a species of sedge that is found in northeastern Africa. The species was first formally described by the botanist Charles Baron Clarke in 1901.

Bidens macroptera, or adey abeba, is a flowering plant native to Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, adey abeba symbolizes the end of the rainy season and the start of Spring (ፀደይ). It also indicates the end of a year and the beginning of a new one. For Ethiopian New Year (Enkutatash), a group of young girls sing the traditional new year song Abebayehosh (አበባየሁሽ) and give adey abeba to their parents and loved ones as a symbol of luck and blessing for the new year.

Gomphocarpus purpurascens, is a species of plant endemic to Ethiopia, where it is used medicinally to treat fever.

Aloe camperi is a species of aloe indigenous to Africa, specifically the regions of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It grows in colonies, with orange flowers in early spring.

Avena abyssinica, also known as the Ethiopian oat and "Ajja" by Ethiopians, is a member of the family Poaceae. This grain has long been used in Ethiopia and is well adapted to the high elevations and other conditions there. Still a traditional food plant in Africa, this little-known grain has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare.

Solanum marginatum is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae known by the common names purple African nightshade and white-margined nightshade. It is native to Ethiopia and Eritrea, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. It is a hairy shrub growing up to two meters tall. The large, distinctive, gray-green leaves are wavy along the edges, woolly on the undersides, and measure up to 18 centimeters long. The veins are white and lined with large, widely spaced prickles. The inflorescence contains several white flowers, hanging or nodding bisexual

Aloe elegans is a species of plant. It is found in West Sudan, Eritrea and Central Ethiopia

Otostegia integrifolia, more commonly known as Abyssinian rose, a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is endemic to Ethiopia, in the dry evergreen woodlands of the Bale Mountains, Tigray, Gondar, Wollo and Gojjam regions, North Shewa, Kaffa and Hararghe regions, as well as in the dry and moist agroclimatic zones of the district known as Dega, at altitudes of 1,300—2,800 m. above sea-level. It also grows in Yemen, northwest of Mukalla. In Ethiopia, O. integrifolia is commonly known by its Amharic vernacular of tinjute = ጥንጁት (alt. sp. Tindjut).

Cyperus holostigma is a species of sedge that is native to parts of eastern Africa.

Lotus hebecarpus is an annual to perennial plant in the genus Lotus ranging from NE Sudan to Djibouti.

Zaqiqah is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. It contains a single species, Zaqiqah mucronata, which is native to Eritrea, Somalia, and the Southwestern Arabian Peninsula (Yemen).

Zaqiqah is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Poaceae. It contains a single species, Zaqiqah mucronata, which is native to Eritrea, Somalia, and the Southwestern Arabian Peninsula (Yemen).

Ricinus communis, the castor bean or castor oil plant, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus, Ricinus, and subtribe, Ricininae. Its seed is the castor bean, which despite the term is not a bean (as it is not the seed of a member of the family Fabaceae). Castor is indigenous to the southeastern Mediterranean Basin, East Africa, and India, but is widespread throughout tropical regions (and widely grown elsewhere as an ornamental plant). Castor seed is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of

Grewia ferruginea is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, widespread in Ethiopia, and also found in Sudan, Eritrea, and Kenya. Local people in Ethiopia feed it to cows suffering from retained placentas, as aids in placental expulsion.

Phaenanthoecium is a genus of plants in the grass family. The only known species is Phaenanthoecium koestlinii, native to Northeast Tropical Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea) and Yemen.

Cynoglossopsis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. Its native range is Northeastern Tropical Africa. Species: Cynoglossopsis latifolia (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Brand Cynoglossopsis somaliensis Riedl

Lotus lalambensis is a plant in the genus Lotus ranging from Sinai to E. Ethiopia and the Arabian Peninsula.

Cyperus kaessneri is a species of sedge that is native to eastern Africa. The species was first formally described by the botanist Charles Baron Clarke in 1906.

Lotus hebranicus is a rare shrubby plant in the genus Lotus ranging Sinai to Eritrea.

Spiniluma is a genus of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae. The genus is native to Eritrea, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and Socotra.

Brandizzo Brandella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Torasso. It contains a single species, Brandella erythraea, an annual or perennial native to Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia in northeastern tropical Africa and Saudi Arabia on the Arabian Peninsula, where it grows in deserts and dry shrublands. The species was first described as Adelocaryum erythraeum by August Brand in 1921. In 1986 it was placed in its own genus as Brandella erythraea.